The Farewell Symphony: Haydn’s Symphony No. 45

Franz Joseph Haydn, one of the prominent composers of the Classical era, created numerous symphonies that have stood the test of time. Among his notable works is Symphony No. 45, widely known as the “Farewell” Symphony. This symphony holds a unique distinction as it includes a remarkable musical element where players exit the stage one by one. In this article, we delve into the details of Haydn’s Symphony No. 45, exploring its composition, historical context, and its significance in the realm of classical music.

Composition and Historical Context

Haydn composed Symphony No. 45 in 1772, during his tenure as the court composer for Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. At that time, Haydn and his orchestra were stationed at the Prince’s estate in Hungary. The musicians had been away from their families for an extended period and were yearning to return home. However, the Prince requested them to stay longer to perform additional music.

Haydn’s Plan: The Unique Ending

In response to the musicians’ desire to be reunited with their loved ones, Haydn conceived a plan to convey their sentiments. He composed Symphony No. 45, also known as the “Farewell” Symphony, with a distinctive ending that would leave a lasting impression. During the final movement of the symphony, as the music approached its conclusion, Haydn introduced an unexpected pause followed by an Adagio section. In this poignant moment, each musician would gradually stop playing, extinguish their candle, and exit the stage, symbolizing their longing to depart and be with their families.

The Outcome and Historical Significance

The performance of the “Farewell” Symphony had a profound impact on Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. The symbolic departure of the musicians conveyed their plea to be released from their duties and allowed to return home. According to historical accounts, the Prince comprehended the musicians’ message and granted their wish. The following day, he bid them farewell, granting them the much-desired opportunity to reunite with their families. This event not only marked a significant moment in the relationship between Haydn and his orchestra but also emphasized the power of music as a means of expression and negotiation.

Key and Duration

Symphony No. 45, the “Farewell” Symphony, is written in the key of F♯ minor. It typically has a performance duration of approximately 25 minutes. Within this relatively short timeframe, Haydn masterfully captured the emotions and desires of the musicians, making Symphony No. 45 a captivating and memorable piece in his vast repertoire.

Conclusion

Haydn’s Symphony No. 45, commonly known as the “Farewell” Symphony, stands as a testament to the composer’s ingenuity and ability to convey a powerful message through music. Its unique ending, where players exit the stage one by one, highlights the musicians’ longing to be reunited with their families. This symphony serves as a poignant reminder of the challenges faced by performers, as well as the transformative power of music to express emotions and effect change.

Sources:

• WUSF: https://www.wusf.org/classical/eveningmasterwork/haydn-symphony-no-45-farewell
• Charlotte Symphony Orchestra: https://www.charlottesymphony.org/blog/story-behind-haydns-farewell-symphony/
• Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._45_(Haydn)

FAQs

What is the name of the symphony written by Haydn that calls for players to exit the stage one by one?

Haydn’s symphony that features players exiting the stage one by one is called Symphony No. 45, commonly known as the “Farewell” Symphony.

When was Symphony No. 45 composed?

Symphony No. 45 was composed by Haydn in 1772.

What was the historical context surrounding the composition of Symphony No. 45?

During the composition of Symphony No. 45, Haydn was employed as the court composer for Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. The musicians, who had been away from their families for an extended period, longed to return home.

How did Haydn address the musicians’ desire to return home?

In response to the musicians’ longing to be reunited with their families, Haydn devised a plan. He composed the “Farewell” Symphony with a unique ending where, during the final movement, each musician would gradually stop playing, extinguish their candle, and leave the stage one by one.

What was the outcome of the performance of Symphony No. 45?

According to historical accounts, the performance of Symphony No. 45 successfully conveyed the musicians’ plea to Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. The Prince understood the message and granted the musicians permission to return home the following day.

In what key is Symphony No. 45 written?

Symphony No. 45, the “Farewell” Symphony, is written in F♯ minor.

How long is the typical performance duration of Symphony No. 45?

Symphony No. 45 has a typical performance duration of approximately 25 minutes.

What is the significance of Symphony No. 45 in the repertoire of classical music?

Symphony No. 45 holds historical significance as a testament to Haydn’s creativity and the power of music to convey emotions and effect change. Its unique ending, with players exiting the stage one by one, highlights the musicians’ longing to be reunited with their families and adds to its enduring appeal.