What does a plus sign below a note mean?
Understanding the Plus Sign Ornament in Music
In the realm of music notation, symbols and ornaments play a crucial role in conveying specific musical instructions to performers. One such symbol is the plus sign (+) ornament, which can be found below a note in sheet music. In this article, we will explore the meaning and significance of the plus sign ornament in music, particularly in the context of Baroque music.
Baroque Music and the Plus Sign Ornament
During the Baroque period, which spanned from approximately 1600 to 1750, composers and performers embraced ornamentation as a means of embellishing their music. Ornamentation added flair, expression, and virtuosity to the musical compositions of the time. In Baroque music, the plus sign ornament is sometimes used to indicate a specific type of ornament known as a trill.
The Trill Ornament
A trill is a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes. It is typically performed by oscillating quickly between the written note and the note above it. When a plus sign appears below a note, it signifies that the trill should begin from the upper note. In other words, the performer should start the trill by rapidly alternating between the written note and the note above it.
General Indication of Embellishment
While the plus sign ornament is often associated with trills, it is essential to note that it can also serve as a general indication of embellishment. In some musical contexts, the plus sign may not necessarily indicate a trill specifically but rather any kind of embellishment or ornamentation, depending on the musical style and the composer’s intention. The specific interpretation of the plus sign ornament should be determined by considering the broader musical context.
Historical Context and Performer’s Discretion
It is important to understand the historical context of Baroque music to grasp the significance of the plus sign ornament fully. During the Baroque era, performers had more freedom for interpretation and improvisation. The absence of a plus sign did not inhibit them from adding embellishments or trills to the music. In fact, performers were encouraged to add their own ornaments and embellishments to enhance the expressiveness and virtuosity of the music. The use of ornaments, including the trill indicated by the plus sign, was often left to the discretion and creativity of the performer.
In conclusion, the plus sign ornament found below a note in sheet music serves as an indication of a trill or general embellishment in Baroque music. It signifies that the performer should execute a trill starting from the upper note. However, it is crucial to consider the broader musical context and the performer’s discretion when interpreting the plus sign ornament. By understanding the historical context and the role of ornamentation in Baroque music, musicians can bring out the expressive and virtuosic qualities intended by the composer.
Sources:
– Ornament (music) – Wikipedia
– Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange – What does the plus ornament mean?
– Dolmetsch Online – Chart of Musical Symbols
FAQs
What does a plus sign below a note mean in music?
The plus sign below a note in music indicates a specific type of ornament called a trill. It signifies that the performer should execute a rapid alternation between the written note and the note above it.
How is the plus sign ornament performed?
When the plus sign appears below a note, it instructs the performer to start the trill from the upper note. The performer rapidly oscillates between the written note and the note above it.
Does the plus sign always indicate a trill?
While the plus sign is commonly associated with trills, it can sometimes serve as a general indication of embellishment or ornamentation in certain musical contexts. The specific interpretation of the plus sign should be considered within the broader musical context.
Is the plus sign ornament specific to a particular musical era?
The plus sign ornament, particularly indicating trills, is commonly found in Baroque music. However, it can be encountered in other musical styles as well, depending on the composer’s intention and the historical context of the piece.
Can performers add ornaments even if the plus sign is not present?
Yes, in the Baroque era, performers were encouraged to add their own ornaments and embellishments to the music, even in the absence of a plus sign. They had more freedom for interpretation and improvisation, allowing them to enhance the expressiveness and virtuosity of the music.
How should I approach interpreting the plus sign ornament?
Interpreting the plus sign ornament requires considering the broader musical context, the composer’s style, and the historical period of the piece. It is also valuable to study performance practices and consult authoritative editions or recordings for guidance.
Can the plus sign ornament be used in contemporary music?
While the plus sign ornament is more commonly associated with Baroque music, contemporary composers may also employ it as a notation for trills or embellishments. The specific meaning and execution should be determined based on the composer’s instructions and the overall style of the composition.
Are there other symbols or ornaments related to the plus sign ornament?
Yes, there are various other symbols and ornaments used in music notation to indicate different types of trills, turns, mordents, and other embellishments. These symbols may differ depending on the musical style, historical period, and the composer’s preferences.