When writing academic works, it is crucial to properly reference any information obtained from external sources, including what someone said. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to reference spoken words and quotes, ensuring accurate attribution and avoiding plagiarism.

Importance of Acknowledging the Original Source

When referencing what someone said, it is essential to acknowledge the original source of the information. This not only gives credit to the original author but also allows readers or listeners to verify the information and explore further if desired.

Citing Sources Quoted in Another Source

In written works, such as research papers or articles, you can cite sources quoted in another source by following these steps:

1. Mention the name, date, and page reference of the work where the information originated.
2. Include the term “cited” followed by the name of the work where you found the information.

Example: Neville (1990 cited Wilson 1998, p.89) devised the standard criteria for food tasting surveys.

Citing Unwritten Sources Quoted in Another Source

When referencing the spoken words of someone other than the author recorded in a text, use the following format:

1. Cite the name of the person who spoke the words.
2. Mention the name of the author, date, and page reference of the work where the quote or reference appears.

Example: In a recent interview (Jones 2004, p.77), Henry Howard said that the British Sausage industry has suffered from decades of underinvestment in research and development.

Citing in Oral Presentations

When citing orally in a presentation, follow these guidelines for effective referencing:

1. Introduce the source before presenting the information.
2. Use an introductory phrase that includes the name, credentials, and affiliation of the source.
3. Clearly indicate when you are quoting someone by using phrases like “According to” or “As [name] said.”
4. If the audience can see you, use air quotes to visually indicate a direct quote.

Citing Sources on Visuals

When citing sources on visuals, such as slides or posters, use methods that distinguish the citations from the information presented. Some techniques include:

1. Using smaller font size for citations compared to the main content.
2. Italicizing the citations to set them apart.
3. Using a different color or font style for the citations.
4. Using a larger font size for the citations to make them more prominent.

Including a Reference List

It is essential to have a full reference list available for answering questions or providing additional information. The reference list should follow a conventional format, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago style, depending on the requirements of your academic institution or the publication you are submitting to.

Sources

To ensure the accuracy and credibility of this article, the following sources were consulted:

1. “Citing sources quoted in another source” from the University of Bristol Faculty of Arts: [source link](https://www.bristol.ac.uk/arts/exercises/referencing/page_29.htm)
2. “Citing Sources in an Oral Presentation” from Bucks County Community College: [source link](https://www.bucks.edu/academics/department/lang-lit/conference/citing/)
3. “How to reference data someone told me in person?” from Academia Stack Exchange: [source link](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/99479/how-to-reference-data-someone-told-me-in-person)

By following the guidelines and examples provided in this article, researchers, students, and professionals can effectively reference what someone said, ensuring proper attribution of sources and maintaining academic integrity. Remember to consult the appropriate style guide for formatting and organizing your reference list.

FAQs

How to Reference What Someone Said: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

When writing academic works, it is crucial to properly reference any information obtained from external sources, including what someone said. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to reference spoken words and quotes, ensuring accurate attribution and avoiding plagiarism.

Why is it important to reference what someone said?

Properly referencing what someone said is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it gives credit to the original author, acknowledging their contribution to the information being cited. Additionally, referencing allows readers or listeners to verify the information and explore further if desired. It also helps to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

How do I cite sources quoted in another source?

When citing sources quoted in another source, you should mention the name, date, and page reference of the original work where the information originated. Then, include the term “cited” followed by the name of the work where you found the information. This acknowledges both the original source and the secondary source where you encountered the quote or information.

How do I cite spoken words of someone recorded in a text?

To cite spoken words of someone other than the author recorded in a text, include the name of the person who spoke the words, followed by the name of the author, the date, and the page reference of the work where the quote or reference appears. This ensures proper attribution and allows readers to trace the information back to its source.

How should I cite sources in oral presentations?

In oral presentations, it is important to introduce the source before presenting the information. Use an introductory phrase that includes the name, credentials, and affiliation of the source. Clearly indicate when you are quoting someone by using phrases like “According to” or “As name said.” If the audience can see you, consider using air quotes to visually indicate a direct quote.

How can I distinguish citations from the information presented on visuals?

When citing sources on visuals, such as slides or posters, there are several techniques you can use to distinguish the citations from the main content. These include using smaller font size for the citations compared to the main content, italicizing the citations, using a different color or font style for the citations, or using a larger font size to make the citations more prominent.

Should I include a reference list?

Yes, it is essential to include a reference list. A reference list provides a complete list of all the sources you have cited or referenced in your work. It allows readers or listeners to find the original sources for further information or verification. The reference list should follow a conventional format, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago style, depending on the requirements of your academic institution or the publication you are writing for.

What should be included in a reference list entry?

A reference list entry typically includes the author’s name, the title of the work, the publication date, and other relevant publication details such as the publisher or journal name. The specific format and elements required may vary depending on the citation style you are using. Consult the appropriate style guide for detailed instructions on formatting your reference list entries.

How do I format my reference list?

The formatting of your reference list will depend on the citation style you are using, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago style. Each style has specific guidelines for formatting elements such as author names, titles, dates, and publication details. Consult the style guide associated with your chosen citation style for detailed instructions on how to format your reference list properly.

By following the guidelines and answers provided in this article, researchers, students, and professionals can effectively reference what someone said, ensuring proper attribution of sources and maintaining academic integrity.