The story of Oedipus and the Sphinx is a legendary tale from Greek mythology that has captured the imagination of artists and scholars for centuries. One of the most famous depictions of this iconic encounter is Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx.” This article explores the symbolism, artistic choices, and historical context behind this captivating artwork.

The Painting: “Oedipus and the Sphinx”

Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx,” portrays the crucial moment when Oedipus meets the Sphinx on the road outside Thebes. Exhibited at the French Salon of 1864, this artwork has become an enduring masterpiece, admired for its evocative portrayal of this mythological confrontation.

The Riddle and Oedipus’ Answer

In the painting, Oedipus stands before the Sphinx, ready to answer the riddle that will determine his fate. The Sphinx poses the following riddle to Oedipus: “What walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three at night?” Oedipus must answer correctly to pass safely. With his intellectual prowess, Oedipus confidently responds that the answer is “Man.”

The Sphinx’s Defeat and Oedipus’ Triumph

Astounded by Oedipus’ correct answer, the Sphinx is overcome with a sense of defeat and inexplicably throws herself into the sea. This act of self-destruction signifies Oedipus’ triumph over the Sphinx and the liberation of the Thebans from the Sphinx’s torment. Oedipus’ victory not only secures the freedom of the Thebans but also grants him the kingdom of Thebes and Jocasta as his wife.

Artistic Choices and Symbolism

Gustave Moreau deliberately rejects the prevailing realistic and naturalistic style of the mid-nineteenth century in his painting. Instead, he adopts a deliberately archaic painting style and chooses mythological subject matter. The composition and color palette create an otherworldly atmosphere, reflecting the mythical nature of the story. Moreau’s depiction of the Sphinx on the offensive, clawing at Oedipus, adds a sense of uncertainty and tension to the painting, leaving the viewer questioning the outcome of the encounter.

Themes and Interpretations

“Oedipus and the Sphinx” can be interpreted as a representation of the eternal battle between good and evil. It also explores the complex dynamics between the sexes, with the Sphinx symbolizing the castrating effect of Moreau’s mother. The painting invites contemplation on themes of power, knowledge, fate, and the consequences of one’s actions.

Historical Significance and Reception

After its exhibition at the French Salon of 1864, “Oedipus and the Sphinx” received immediate acclaim. It was acquired by Prince Napoléon Bonaparte and eventually found its home in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, where it continues to be admired by visitors from around the world.

Conclusion

Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx,” is a captivating representation of the legendary encounter between Oedipus and the Sphinx. Through its artistic choices, symbolism, and historical context, the artwork invites viewers to delve into the depths of Greek mythology and ponder the complexities of human existence.

Sources:

• Wikipedia. “Oedipus and the Sphinx.” Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx
• The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Gustave Moreau | Oedipus and the Sphinx.” Retrieved from https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437153
• The Eclectic Light Company. “The Psychology of the Riddle: Oedipus and the Sphinx.” Retrieved from https://eclecticlight.co/2017/05/28/the-psychology-of-the-riddle-oedipus-and-the-sphinx/

FAQs

The Riddle of the Sphinx: Oedipus’ Triumph

Introduction

The story of Oedipus and the Sphinx is a legendary tale from Greek mythology that has captured the imagination of artists and scholars for centuries. One of the most famous depictions of this iconic encounter is Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx.” This article explores the symbolism, artistic choices, and historical context behind this captivating artwork.

The Painting: “Oedipus and the Sphinx”

Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx,” portrays the crucial moment when Oedipus meets the Sphinx on the road outside Thebes. Exhibited at the French Salon of 1864, this artwork has become an enduring masterpiece, admired for its evocative portrayal of this mythological confrontation.

Who painted “Oedipus and the Sphinx”?

Gustave Moreau painted “Oedipus and the Sphinx.”

What is the riddle posed by the Sphinx to Oedipus?

The riddle posed by the Sphinx to Oedipus is: “What walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three at night?”

How did Oedipus answer the Sphinx’s riddle?

Oedipus answered the Sphinx’s riddle correctly, stating that the answer is “Man.”

What happened after Oedipus answered the riddle correctly?

After Oedipus answered the riddle correctly, the Sphinx was astounded and inexplicably killed herself by throwing herself into the sea.

What did Oedipus gain from his victory over the Sphinx?

Oedipus’ triumph over the Sphinx granted him the freedom of the Thebans, the kingdom of Thebes, and Jocasta as his wife, who is later revealed to be his mother.

What artistic style did Gustave Moreau adopt in “Oedipus and the Sphinx”?

Gustave Moreau deliberately rejected the realistic and naturalistic style of the mid-nineteenth century. Instead, he adopted a deliberately archaic painting style.

What symbolism is present in “Oedipus and the Sphinx”?

“Oedipus and the Sphinx” can be interpreted as a representation of the eternal battle between good and evil, as well as the complex dynamics between the sexes.

Where is “Oedipus and the Sphinx” currently located?

“Oedipus and the Sphinx” was acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and is currently housed in their collection.

Conclusion

Gustave Moreau’s painting, “Oedipus and the Sphinx,” is a captivating representation of the legendary encounter between Oedipus and the Sphinx. Through its artistic choices, symbolism, and historical context, the artwork invites viewers to delve into the depths of Greek mythology and ponder the complexities of human existence.