Definition of Sprechstimme in Music

Sprechstimme is a unique vocal technique that occupies a middle ground between speaking and singing. It involves the performer speaking on pitch rather than singing with a sustained tone. This vocal style is characterized by following a notated rhythm while allowing the pitch to fluctuate freely. Sprechstimme is often used in music to create a haunting and dramatic effect.

Origin of Sprechstimme

Sprechstimme was developed by the renowned composer Arnold Schoenberg and is closely associated with the expressionist movement in early 20th-century music. Schoenberg first employed this technique in his influential song cycle titled “Pierrot Lunaire,” composed in 1912. The utilization of Sprechstimme in this composition marked a significant departure from traditional vocal techniques of the time.

Characteristics of Sprechstimme

The defining characteristic of Sprechstimme is its speech-like delivery. Performers articulate the text with precise rhythm and pitch contours, creating a unique amalgamation of spoken and pitched elements. Unlike traditional singing, where pitches are sustained, Sprechstimme employs spoken pitches that rise and fall in accordance with the musical notation. This distinctive vocal technique often evokes a sense of haunting and drama in the music, allowing for a wide range of expressive possibilities.

Notation of Sprechstimme

Notating Sprechstimme involves a combination of traditional musical notation and symbols. The pitches are indicated by noteheads placed on the staff, similar to conventional music notation. However, the rhythm is notated using traditional note values. To represent the approximate pitch glides or slides characteristic of Sprechstimme, composers employ dotted lines or arrows in the notation. This hybrid notation system enables performers to accurately interpret the vocal technique and reproduce the intended effect.

Source:

1. Music Appreciation Flashcards. Quizlet. Retrieved from https://quizlet.com/132183872/music-appreciation-flash-cards/

FAQs

What is the definition of Sprechstimme?

Sprechstimme is a vocal technique where the performer speaks on pitch rather than singing with a sustained tone. It lies between speaking and singing, with the performer following a notated rhythm while allowing the pitch to fluctuate freely.

Who developed Sprechstimme?

Sprechstimme was developed by composer Arnold Schoenberg and is closely associated with the expressionist movement in early 20th-century music.

What are the characteristics of Sprechstimme?

Sprechstimme is characterized by a speech-like delivery, where the performer articulates the text with precise rhythm and pitch contours. The pitches are not sustained like in traditional singing but are more like spoken pitches. It often creates a haunting and dramatic effect in the music.

How is Sprechstimme notated?

Sprechstimme is notated using a combination of traditional musical notation and symbols. The pitches are indicated by noteheads placed on the staff, while the rhythm is notated with traditional note values. Dotted lines or arrows are used to indicate the approximate pitch glides or slides.

What is the historical significance of Sprechstimme?

Sprechstimme holds historical significance as it marked a departure from traditional vocal techniques and contributed to the development of new musical styles in the early 20th century. It played a prominent role in the expressionist movement and expanded the expressive possibilities in music.

Can Sprechstimme be used in various genres of music?

While Sprechstimme is commonly associated with the expressionist movement, it can be utilized in various genres and styles of music. Its unique vocal technique allows for experimentation and expression in a wide range of musical contexts.