Where was Loftus and Palmer’s study conducted?
Procedure: Forty-five American students from the University of Washington formed an opportunity sample. This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions, only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures experimental design).
When was the Loftus and Palmer study conducted?
1974
Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted a classic experiment to investigate the effect of leading questions on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Their sample consisted of 45 American students, who were divided into five groups of nine.
Who conducted the Loftus and Palmer experiment?
Elizabeth Loftus is an American cognitive psychologist and expert on human memory. She has conducted research on the malleability of human memory. John Palmer graduated from Duke University with a B.A. in psychology and received his Ph. D.
Was Loftus and Palmer’s experiment field or lab?
Loftus and Palmer’s study is considered a laboratory experiment as the independent variable was manipulated. A laboratory experiment examines the causal relationship between the independent variable (IV), a factor the researchers change, and the dependent variable (DV), a factor the researchers measure.
What is Loftus and Palmer experiment?
Loftus and Palmer aimed to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question. To test this hypothesis, Loftus and Palmer asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions after they had observed a car accident.
Has Loftus and Palmers study been replicated?
They repli- cated the original Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) results, but only with participants who had no knowledge of the setting of the accident. Last to attempt an exact replication were McAllister et al.
How was Loftus and Palmer’s study Standardised?
Participants all watched the same videos, were asked the same questions (with small differences) and overall, the procedure was very standardised. This means that all participants had a consistent experience. Participants watched staged video clips of accidents rather than real accidents.
When was false memory first studied?
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What theory is Loftus and Palmer 1974 based on?
The schema theory
The schema theory is supported in the Loftus and Palmer study of 1974. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leading questions of a person’s memory of an event. Participants in this study were showed a clip of a car crash and then asked a serious of questions.
What is the misinformation effect Loftus and Palmer 1974?
Elizabeth Loftus, her colleagues and others studying this cognitive phenomenon have shown that during the reconstruction phase our memories can be distorted if we are given false information about the event – this is called the misinformation effect.
What was found in Loftus 1974 study hit vs smashed?
The probability of saying yes to the question “Did you see any broken glass?” was greater for the word ‘smashed’ than for the word ‘hit’. Conclusions: Loftus and Palmer (1974) found that the phrasing of a question does influence eyewitness memory.
What was Loftus lost in the mall experiment about?
The lost-in-the-mall study by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus concludes that an entire false memory can be implanted by suggestion. It has since been used to discredit abuse survivors’ testimony by inferring that false memories for childhood abuse can be implanted by psychotherapists.
What are the weaknesses of Loftus and Palmer’s research?
A weakness of the experimental method as used by Loftus and Palmer is that it lacked ecological validity. This is because participants were expecting to watch a clip therefore likely to remember details whereas in real life people will not expect a car accident to take place.