Philosophical Assumptions Reflected in Qualitative Research Designs

Qualitative research is a valuable approach that allows researchers to explore and understand complex phenomena from the perspectives of individuals. It is rooted in specific philosophical assumptions that shape the design and implementation of qualitative studies. This article will delve into the philosophical assumptions reflected in qualitative research designs, including ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological assumptions.

Ontological Assumptions

Ontology refers to the researcher’s understanding of reality and how it is perceived. In qualitative research, ontological assumptions recognize that reality is subjective and socially constructed. Researchers acknowledge that multiple realities exist and seek to understand the perspectives and experiences of individuals. They recognize that individuals interpret and make sense of their world based on their unique cultural, social, and personal backgrounds.

Qualitative researchers embrace the idea that reality is not fixed and objective but rather shaped by the interactions and interpretations of individuals. They aim to capture the subjective experiences and meanings attached to phenomena, recognizing that different individuals may have different interpretations of the same phenomenon. This ontological assumption allows researchers to explore the diversity and complexity of human experiences.

Epistemological Assumptions

Epistemology deals with the study of knowledge and how it is acquired. In qualitative research, epistemological assumptions recognize that knowledge is subjective and context-dependent. Researchers aim to understand the meaning and interpretation of phenomena from the perspective of the participants. They emphasize the importance of understanding subjective experiences and social interactions.

Qualitative researchers acknowledge that knowledge is not solely derived from objective observations or generalizable principles but is constructed through the interaction between the researcher and the participants. They believe that individuals have unique insights into their own experiences and can provide valuable knowledge. Therefore, qualitative research designs often involve in-depth interviews, participant observations, and other methods that allow researchers to explore participants’ perspectives and interpretations.

Axiological Assumptions

Axiology refers to the researcher’s understanding of values and their role in research. In qualitative research, axiological assumptions recognize that values and biases influence the research process. Researchers acknowledge their own values and biases and strive to minimize their impact on the research. They also consider ethical principles and cultural issues in their research.

Qualitative researchers are aware that they bring their own subjective perspectives and values into the research process. They aim to be reflexive and transparent about their biases and assumptions. Researchers often engage in reflective practices, such as journaling or peer debriefing, to critically examine their own values and potential biases. They also consider ethical considerations, ensuring the well-being and confidentiality of participants and respecting their rights and cultural norms.

Methodological Assumptions

Methodology refers to the strategies and methods used in research. In qualitative research, methodological assumptions emphasize the importance of in-depth exploration and understanding of phenomena. Researchers use methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather rich and detailed data. They focus on capturing the complexity and context of the research topic.

Qualitative researchers aim to obtain detailed and nuanced insights into the phenomena they study. They prioritize depth over breadth, seeking to understand the intricate aspects and contexts of participants’ experiences. Researchers employ various data collection techniques, such as open-ended interviews or participant observations, to gather rich qualitative data. They analyze data using interpretive approaches, identifying patterns, themes, and meanings that emerge from the data.

In conclusion, qualitative research designs are shaped by philosophical assumptions that recognize the subjective and socially constructed nature of reality. Ontological assumptions acknowledge multiple realities, while epistemological assumptions focus on understanding subjective experiences and interpretations. Axiological assumptions address values and biases, and methodological assumptions emphasize in-depth exploration and understanding. By embracing these assumptions, qualitative researchers can capture the complexity and richness of human experiences.

References:

Brown, J. (2020, November 9). Literature Review Qualitative Research Methods and Assumptions. Retrieved from [source 1]
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
Crotty, M. (1998). The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process. Sage Publications.
Kwangaika Sinjela. (n.d.). Knowledge Claims & Philosophical Assumptions – Quantitative and Qualitative Research Approaches. Retrieved from [source 3]
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded Theory Methodology: An Overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 273-285). Sage Publications.
Yamashita, H., & Espinosa, O. (2015). Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach (9th ed.). Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.

Sources:

[source 1]: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/literature-review-qualitative-research-methods-jeff-brown-mba

[source 3]: http://kwangaikamed.weebly.com/knowledge-claims–philosophical-assumptions.html

FAQs

What are the ontological assumptions in qualitative research designs?

Ontological assumptions in qualitative research designs recognize that reality is subjective and socially constructed. Researchers acknowledge the existence of multiple realities and aim to understand the perspectives and experiences of individuals.

How do epistemological assumptions shape qualitative research designs?

Epistemological assumptions in qualitative research designs recognize that knowledge is subjective and context-dependent. Researchers aim to understand the meaning and interpretation of phenomena from the perspective of the participants, emphasizing subjective experiences and social interactions.

What role do axiological assumptions play in qualitative research designs?

Axiological assumptions in qualitative research designs acknowledge that values and biases influence the research process. Researchers are aware of their own values and biases and strive to minimize their impact. They also consider ethical principles and cultural issues in their research.

How do methodological assumptions shape qualitative research designs?

Methodological assumptions in qualitative research designs emphasize in-depth exploration and understanding of phenomena. Researchers use methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather rich and detailed data. They focus on capturing the complexity and context of the research topic.

Are there other philosophical assumptions relevant to qualitative research designs?

Yes, apart from ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological assumptions, other philosophical assumptions may also be relevant to qualitative research designs. These may include interpretive assumptions, constructivist assumptions, or hermeneutic assumptions, depending on the specific theoretical perspectives and research paradigms employed.

Do qualitative research designs reject the existence of objective truth?

Qualitative research designs do not necessarily reject the existence of objective truth but acknowledge that reality is subjective and socially constructed. They prioritize understanding subjective experiences and interpretations, recognizing that different individuals may have different perspectives and interpretations of the same phenomenon.

How do qualitative research designs address researcher biases?

Qualitative research designs address researcher biases by acknowledging the influence of values and biases on the research process. Researchers strive to be reflexive and transparent about their own biases, engaging in reflective practices and considering ethical principles. They aim to minimize the impact of biases on data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Can qualitative research designs provide generalizable findings?

Qualitative research designs are typically not focused on producing generalizable findings in the same way as quantitative research designs. However, qualitative research can provide rich and in-depth insights into specific contexts, phenomena, and experiences. The emphasis is on understanding the complexities and nuances of the studied phenomenon rather than generalizing findings to a larger population.