The Form of Mozart Symphony No. 40

Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788, is a significant work in the classical symphonic repertoire. Often referred to as the “Great G minor symphony” to distinguish it from Mozart’s “Little G minor symphony,” No. 25, Symphony No. 40 showcases Mozart’s mastery of composition and his exploration of the Sturm und Drang artistic movement of the time.

Sonata Form

Symphony No. 40 is written in sonata form, a common structure employed in classical symphonies. Sonata form consists of three main sections: the exposition, development, and recapitulation. The symphony adheres to this form, allowing for the presentation and development of musical themes within a coherent structure.

Four Movements

The symphony is composed of four movements, each with its distinct character and musical expression. These movements are:

1. Movement 1: Molto allegro – The first movement begins with a dark accompaniment played by the lower strings, setting a somber tone. It introduces the main theme, which is then developed and elaborated upon throughout the movement.
2. Movement 2: Andante – The second movement is an expressive and lyrical work in 6/8 time. It is in the subdominant key of the relative major of G minor, creating a contrasting and introspective mood.
3. Movement 3: Minuet – The third movement is a minuet, a traditional dance form. It starts with an angry, cross-accented hemiola rhythm, adding tension and energy to the composition. The movement also features a gentle trio section, providing a contrasting and more serene atmosphere.
4. Movement 4: Finale. Allegro assai – The fourth and final movement opens with a series of rapidly ascending notes known as the Mannheim rocket. This energetic and lively movement brings the symphony to a thrilling conclusion, showcasing Mozart’s compositional virtuosity.

Artistic Significance

Symphony No. 40 in G minor is hailed as one of Mozart’s most admired works. Its emotional depth, innovative use of musical motifs, and masterful composition techniques have made it a staple of the classical repertoire. The symphony’s exploration of the Sturm und Drang movement, characterized by intense emotions and dramatic contrasts, adds to its artistic significance.

Today, Symphony No. 40 is frequently performed and recorded, captivating audiences with its expressive power and timeless beauty.

Sources

1. Tarantino, Todd. “Symphony 40.” Available at: http://www.toddtarantino.com/hum/symphony40.html
2. “Symphony No. 40 (Mozart).” In Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)
3. “Symphony No. 40 in G Minor.” In Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Symphony-No-40-in-G-Minor

FAQs

The Form of Mozart Symphony No. 40

What is the composition date of Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550?

Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788.

How is Symphony No. 40 distinguished from Mozart’s “Little G minor symphony”?

Symphony No. 40 is sometimes referred to as the “Great G minor symphony” to distinguish it from Mozart’s “Little G minor symphony,” No. 25.

What is the form used in Symphony No. 40?

Symphony No. 40 is written in sonata form, which is a common structure used in classical symphonies.

How many movements are there in Symphony No. 40?

Symphony No. 40 consists of four movements.

How does the first movement, “Molto allegro,” begin?

The first movement, “Molto allegro,” begins with a dark accompaniment played by the lower strings before introducing the main theme.

What is the character and time signature of the second movement, “Andante”?

The second movement, “Andante,” is a lyrical work in 6/8 time. It is in the subdominant key of the relative major of G minor.

How is the third movement of Symphony No. 40 described?

The third movement is a minuet that starts with an angry, cross-accented hemiola rhythm and features a contrasting gentle trio section.

How does the fourth movement, “Finale. Allegro assai,” begin?

The fourth movement, “Finale. Allegro assai,” opens with a series of rapidly ascending notes known as the Mannheim rocket.