The Search for the Definition of Piety in Plato’s Euthyphro
Piety, or the concept of what is morally right and pleasing to the gods, is a central theme in Plato’s dialogue, Euthyphro. In this philosophical work, Socrates engages in a series of discussions with Euthyphro in an attempt to uncover a satisfactory definition of piety. Through these conversations, various definitions are proposed and critically examined, leading to a deeper exploration of the nature of piety itself.
Euthyphro’s First Definition of Piety
Euthyphro initially defines piety as the act of prosecuting wrongdoers, regardless of their relationship to the individual. However, Socrates objects to this definition, asserting that he seeks a more comprehensive understanding of piety that goes beyond specific actions and focuses on the essence of piety itself.
Euthyphro’s Second Definition of Piety
In his second attempt, Euthyphro defines piety as that which is dear or pleasing to the gods. Socrates praises the general form of this definition but raises a crucial objection. He points out that the gods themselves have conflicting opinions regarding what is pleasing to them, thereby challenging the notion that piety can be solely determined by the gods’ preferences.
Euthyphro’s Third Definition of Piety
Undeterred, Euthyphro offers a third definition, suggesting that piety is what all the gods love, and its opposite, impiety, is what they all hate. However, Socrates introduces the Euthyphro Problem, which poses the question of whether something is pious because the gods love it or if the gods love it because it is inherently pious. This dilemma raises further doubts about the nature of piety and its relationship to divine approval.
Euthyphro’s Fourth Definition of Piety
Continuing the discussion, Euthyphro proposes that piety is a part of justice that concerns the care of the gods, while justice also encompasses the care of humans. Socrates challenges this proposition by questioning whether human actions can truly improve the gods and by challenging the notion that the gods derive any benefit from human service. This line of inquiry prompts a deeper examination of the nature of the gods and their relationship to piety.
Euthyphro’s Fifth Definition of Piety
Finally, Euthyphro suggests that piety is a skill or art of trade between gods and humans, where serving the gods pleases them. Socrates, however, points out that this definition ultimately circles back to the idea that piety is what is pleasing or dear to the gods, without providing a more profound understanding of the concept.
The dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro in Plato’s Euthyphro serves as a thought-provoking exploration of the nature of piety. Through the examination of various definitions, the dialogue highlights the complexities and challenges inherent in defining such a fundamental ethical concept.
Sources
- Wikipedia: “Euthyphro – Wikipedia”
- Oberlin College: “Euthyphro”
- University of Houston: “Euthyrphro Outline (Philos. 201)”
FAQs
The Search for the Definition of Piety in Plato’s Euthyphro
What is the main theme of Plato’s dialogue, Euthyphro?
The main theme of Plato’s dialogue, Euthyphro, is the search for a satisfactory definition of piety or what is morally right and pleasing to the gods.
What was Euthyphro’s first definition of piety?
Euthyphro’s first definition of piety was that it involves prosecuting wrongdoers, regardless of their relationship to the individual.
Why did Socrates object to Euthyphro’s first definition of piety?
Socrates objected to Euthyphro’s first definition of piety because he sought a more comprehensive understanding of piety that goes beyond specific actions and focuses on the essence of piety itself.
What was Euthyphro’s second definition of piety?
Euthyphro’s second definition of piety was that it is what is dear or pleasing to the gods.
Why did Socrates criticize Euthyphro’s second definition of piety?
Socrates criticized Euthyphro’s second definition of piety because he pointed out that the gods themselves have conflicting opinions regarding what is pleasing to them, challenging the notion that piety can be solely determined by the gods’ preferences.
What was Euthyphro’s third definition of piety?
Euthyphro’s third definition of piety was that it is what all the gods love, and its opposite, impiety, is what they all hate.
What is the Euthyphro Problem?
The Euthyphro Problem is a philosophical dilemma raised by Socrates, questioning whether something is pious because the gods love it or if the gods love it because it is inherently pious.
What was Euthyphro’s fourth definition of piety?
Euthyphro’s fourth definition of piety was that it is a part of justice concerned with the care of the gods, while justice also includes the care of humans.